Full name: Local Area Network
What is it: A network that is confined to a relatively small area.
Example: Our modem is connected to the router which is connected to our laptops.
WAN:
Full name: Wide Area Network
What is it: Networks that span a wider area than a Local Area Network.
Example: The school probably uses a Wide Area Network.
a) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable 
about 100 meters.
b) Coaxial Cable
about 1000 feet.
d) Fiber Optic Cable
about 2000 meters.
Router - Bridges connections in a network. It makes all information usable in a network connection.
Bridge - The way for devices to communicate on a network, and connects them to other networks
Switch - Allows peer to peer connections with devices on a network.
Peer to Peer : it enables users to share files with each others computers. Limewire or any other peer to peer downloading client is an example. Usually cheaper, but relies on the security and speed of each others computer. It can have latency issues and you may get viruses.
Client / Server : Uses a dedicated file server for functions in a network. Download sites such as megaupload, mediafire are examples. Usually more reliable, and faster, however it's pretty expensive and needs to be maintained.
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